Protein in 10 Oz Angus Beef
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite moving picture characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the xanthous brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more almost the secrets and fun facts that make the honey motion-picture show a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a part in the 1939 motion-picture show accommodation. Hamilton called her agent to enquire which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed piece of work fourth dimension. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a 5-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on gear up for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Wait Was More than Movie Star Than Subcontract Girl
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the sixteen-year-sometime Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Managing director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "babe-doll" makeup (as whatsoever preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate managing director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Neat Movie Magic
The Magician of Oz employs a lot of smashing motion-picture show tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Metropolis, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the bottom of a drinking glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — West Due west W."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to run into the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snowfall. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the event of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more breathy toxic connectedness than that.
All that magical snow? It'due south actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the fabric were known at the fourth dimension, it was all the same Hollywood'due south preferred choice for faux snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your natural language.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Human being's) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Can Man's aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was amend than Ebsen's, he all the same had some issues. The Scarecrow'due south makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, consummate with a woven pattern that mimicked the wait of burlap. Later on the moving picture wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Gear up
In a outburst of flames and red fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may have instilled more fright for Hamilton. On the kickoff take, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the second accept, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, only her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the burn flared upwards. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and face up. To brand matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flight monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source textile — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Well-nigh equally scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of pianoforte wires.
Yet, the aeriform stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers fabricated miniature safety monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was About on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one's surprise, the American Moving picture Establish ranked "Over the Rainbow" #ane on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) virtually iconic song of Judy Garland'southward career was about cutting from the movie.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes besides long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't empathize the vocal's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded business concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Let Jack Haley to Residue Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and easily to the minimal flexibility of the "tin can" trunk and artillery, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so stiff that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years later on, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same effect with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't assist folks escape all their bug.
The Original Tin Human being Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'south new graphic symbol, the Tin Homo, acquired him a world of issues. Namely, the graphic symbol's argent makeup independent a harmful aluminum grit that coated Ebsen'due south lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed upwards the makeup), just didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final motion picture, his vocals tin can exist heard in "We're Off to Come across the Magician."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave United states the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that actually hold up. The funnel itself was really a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects squad spun information technology around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale business firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers and then reversed the footage to brand information technology expect similar the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upwardly Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an upshot in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular graphic symbol in Walt Disney's Snowfall White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her operation. The film went on to make roughly $eight million.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'south pay was better than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it however didn't reflect the motion-picture show's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A existent yikes.)
Bert Lahr's King of beasts Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought information technology might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio's title card — every bit the cowardly graphic symbol. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animate being, the filmmakers decided to bandage actor Bert Lahr equally the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a disarming beast, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit fabricated from real lion skin. However, the arc lights used on gear up fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each night, ii stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Part Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $l meg adapted for aggrandizement. Upon its initial release, the picture merely earned $3 1000000 at the box part — about $51.8 million by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Low-era movie, remember that Disney made $eight one thousand thousand with Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937). The Sorcerer of Oz's modest success in the U.S. barely covered product and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the moving-picture show's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was just 16 years old when she was cast equally Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were oft given to young actors to help them sleep after studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her petty more than than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and craven soup.
The Vocalization of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Magician of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated flick Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hitting. Not only did the film revolutionize the blitheness industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — and then the most successful film of all time — with an accommodation of The Wizard of Oz, merely MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin Man's "If I Only Had a Center," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore fine art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby-red Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silverish, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's main costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in near two,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet in that location several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota'southward Judy Garland Museum in 2005, merely the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy'due south quest leads her from a Kansas subcontract to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Equally was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to ship audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the but location footage in the film is the opening championship sequence — those clouds are 100% the real bargain.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is ane of the virtually love dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special furnishings and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — similar when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
Afterward one of the Witch'due south guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through 2 doubles to notice one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so addicted of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In improver to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her graphic symbol was more than just your run-of-the-manufactory evil villain. More than 35 years subsequently the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the grapheme.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was as well a sad, lonely figure. In brusk, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly plenty, the Broadway musical Wicked besides takes this approach to the Witch's grapheme.
The "Horse of a Unlike Color" Was Fabricated Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were merely as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different colour" was made possible thank you to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to colour the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the but interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was one time owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch'southward flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to requite life to this fantasy picture. To go along up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Virtually actors had to get in before 5:00 in the morn — six days a week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Motion picture
The picture is clogged of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of existence responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man backside the pall" was voted #24, while "There's no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the oft misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling nosotros're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Similar the "horse of a dissimilar color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the ability of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Presently after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the blood-red slippers from the young girl's feet. However, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "burn down" is really apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up prune to make it look more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Subsequently the lights were ready, the experts experimented with what would expect best on moving picture, specially in colorized grade. For example, the white role of Dorothy's dress is actually pink — simply considering it filmed better. And the oil the Tin Human is so excited nearly? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than 1 Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young daughter dropped a firm on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the Eastward, who was the short-lived owner of the cherry-red slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the Due west and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she as well plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the carmine slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer fifty-fifty more noticeable.
The Motion picture'southward Running Time Was Cut Down Several Times
The kickoff cut of the film clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nada by today'southward Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off twenty minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (elevation right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic toe sequence, the moving-picture show was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Can Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
And so Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance likewise frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not anybody idea her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film'due south starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the ready described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to article of clothing it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes information technology seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a modest syntactical false pas?
It'due south widely believed this was a scrap of a stunt done to raise the surprise of the picture turning into full 3-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the time of the film's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "blackness-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, another flick released the same twelvemonth, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You may have heard of that little movie — information technology'due south called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM'due south musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in function to re-releases.
The motion picture was start broadcast on television on November iii, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. Information technology's believed that The Sorcerer of Oz is 1 of the 10 near-watched characteristic-length movies in picture show history, largely due to the number of annual tv screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
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